Geertz’ concept
about Abangan, Santri and Priyayi is no longer enough to analyze
the religious differentiation in Javanese today because he has lack of
understanding of each group, especially Santri’s
development today. Geertz has a great idea how to analyze and see the
religio-social reality in Java with his concept of that 3 groups. But it still does
not work to analyze the rapid development now, especially in Santri’s group.
Geertz has
identified Javanese people into 3 groups, Abangan,
Santri and Priyayi. The Abangan is a representation of farmer, Priyayi for bureaucracy and Santri for seller in the market. This
identification was so helpful at the time and became the majority perspective
for long time. As the time goes by, this categorization has many critics and
disagreement from other scholars. The main critique is the application of those
categories into the reality of Javanese today. Many critiques said that for
example, if someone was identified as an Abangan
now, how do We know that he is an Abangan
people. If he is a farmer, it does not work well when we see that many farmers
in village are Santri too, they go to mosque and pray there.
Most of the Geertz’
categorization of Javanese people is not applicable in the reality. Some
scholars, for example, Abdul Munir Mulkhan had given another categorization for
Javanese people, especially in Santri’s
group. He categorized that know we have an hybrid group between Abangan, Santri
and Priyayi. His thesis called “Santrinisasi
birokrasi and Birokratisasi Santri” tells us about the diffusion of each
group’s role from the sharing power in the government. This categorization is
based on the research on Suharto’s era, when Suharto has recruited many people
to be bureaucrats. This policy has converted many people to be hybrid group
because Suharto used many terms and rules from religious values, especially
Islam.
Today, the Greetz’
categorization is not imposed as majority analysis in Javanese or generally
Indonesian people because it has many contradiction in the reality. Although it
does not work well now, Geertz has given us the new perspective for knowing the
people’s constellation since his theory was released and influenced many
studies of Indonesian people.
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